Foreword

Foreword

Introduction

1Scope

2Terms and definitions

3Units of measurement

4Purpose of geophysical logging

4.1General

4.2Formation logging

4.2.1General

4.2.2Identification of lithology

4.2.3Lithological correlation

4.2.4Evaluation of physical properties

4.3Fluid logging

4.3.1General

4.3.2Flow in the borehole

4.3.3Identifying regional groundwater movement

4.3.4Groundwater quality

4.4Construction logging

4.5Selection of logs

5Planning

5.1General considerations

5.2Safety around wells, boreholes and shafts

5.3Site access

5.4Access within a borehole

5.5Equipment

5.6Borehole details

5.7Logging sequence

5.8Quality assurance

6Formation logging

6.1General

6.2Electric logs

6.2.1Resistivity

6.2.1.1Property measured

6.2.1.2Applications

6.2.1.3Principles of measurement

6.2.1.3.1Resistance

6.2.1.3.2Resistivity

6.2.1.3.3Other resistivity logs

6.2.1.4Calibration

6.2.1.5Interpretation

6.2.2Spontaneous potential (SP)

6.2.2.1Property measured

6.2.2.2Applications

6.2.2.3Principles of measurement

6.2.2.4Calibration

6.2.2.5Interpretation

6.2.3Induction

6.2.3.1Property measured

6.2.3.2Application

6.2.3.3Principles of measurement

6.2.3.4Calibration

6.2.3.5Interpretation

6.2.4Limitations of electric logs

6.3Natural gamma-ray logs

6.3.1Property measured

6.3.2Applications

6.3.3Principles of measurement

6.3.4Interpretation

6.3.5Calibration

6.3.6Limitations

6.4Neutron-neutron (porosity) logs

6.4.1Property measured

6.4.2Applications

6.4.3Principles of measurement

6.4.4Calibration

6.4.5Interpretation

6.4.6Limitations

6.5Gamma-gamma (density) logs

6.5.1Property measured

6.5.2Applications

6.5.3Principles of measurement

6.5.4Calibration

6.5.5Interpretation

6.5.6Limitations

6.6Sonic logs

6.6.1Property measured

6.6.2Applications

6.6.3Principles of measurement

6.6.4Calibration

6.6.5Interpretation

6.6.6Limitations

6.7Other logs

6.7.1General

6.7.2Dipmeter

6.7.3Spectral gamma ray

6.7.4Lithodensity log (photoelectric absorption)

6.7.5Acoustic televiewer or borehole televiewer

6.7.6Formation micro-scanner

7Fluid logging

7.1General

7.2Temperature

7.2.1Property measured

7.2.2Applications

7.2.3Principles of measurement

7.2.4Interpretation

7.2.5Limitations

7.3Fluid conductivity

7.3.1Property measured

7.3.2Applications

7.3.3Principles of measurement

7.3.4Calibration

7.3.5Interpretation

7.3.6Limitations

7.4Flow

7.4.1Property measured

7.4.2Applications

7.4.3Principles of measurement

7.4.4Calibration

7.4.5Interpretation

7.4.6Limitations

8Construction logging

8.1General

8.2Calliper

8.2.1Property measured

8.2.2Applications

8.2.3Principles of measurement

8.2.4Calibration

8.2.5Interpretation

8.2.6Limitations

8.3Casing collar locator

8.3.1Property measured

8.3.2Applications

8.3.3Principles of measurement

8.3.4Calibration

8.3.5Interpretation

8.3.6Limitations

8.4Cement bond

8.4.1Property measured

8.4.2Applications

8.4.3Principles of measurement

8.4.4Calibration

8.4.5Interpretations

8.4.6Limitations

8.5Closed circuit television log

8.5.1Property measured

8.5.2Applications

8.5.3Principles of measurement

8.5.4Interpretation

8.5.5Limitations

9Log presentation

9.1General

9.2Track layout

9.3Log parameter scales

9.4Depth scales

9.5Composite logs

9.6Differential logs

Bibliography