ForewordIntroductionScopeNormative referencesTerms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbolsTerms and definitionsAbbreviated termsSymbolsArithmetic operators and mathematical functionsOrder of operation precedenceRange notationVariablesProcessesSyntax structuresConventions for indicating the number of boxes in tablesOverviewOverall architectureProjected omnidirectional video/imagesGeneralStitching, rotation, projection, and region-wise packingFisheye omnidirectional video/imagesMesh omnidirectional videoStreaming methods for omnidirectional videoOverviewTile-based streaming with viewport-specific author-driven bindingTile-based streaming with free-viewport author-driven bindingTile-based streaming with late bindingStrategyBitstream rewritingGeneralHEVC bitstream rewritingVVC bitstream rewritingAdditional functionalitiesConformance and interoperabilityGeneralMedia profilesGeneralFile decoding process and file decoder requirements for video and image media profilesFile decoding process and file decoder requirements for audio media profilesPresentation profilesToolset brandsSummary of referenceable code pointsBrandsUniform resource namesRestricted scheme typesSample entry typesBox typesTrack grouping typesEntity grouping typesSample grouping typesOmnidirectional video projection and region-wise packingCoordinate systemOmnidirectional projection formatsGeneralEquirectangular projection for one sample locationCubemap projection for one sample locationConversion from the local coordinate axes to the global coordinate axesRegion-wise packing formatsGeneralConversion of one sample location for rectangular region-wise packingFisheye omnidirectional videoGeneralThe FisheyeVideoEssentialInfoStruct() syntax structureSyntaxSemanticsThe FisheyeVideoSupplementalInfoStruct() syntax structureSyntaxSemanticsOmnidirectional media storage and metadata signalling in the ISOBMFFGeneric extensions to the ISOBMFFIndication of a track not intended to be presented aloneClarifications on the stereo video boxGeneric sub-picture track grouping extensionsUpdated semantics of track_group_typeTwo dimensional spatial relationshipDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsSpatial relationship 2D sample groupDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsMedia offset boxDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsGeneric extensions to ISO/IEC 14496-15Containing of SpatialRelationship2DDescriptionBox for HEVC tile base track and HEVC tile tracksOMAF-specific extensions to the ISOBMFFSync samples in timed metadata tracksOMAF-specific extensions to ISO/IEC 14496-15Coverage information box in an HEVC tile base trackStructures and semantics that are common for video tracks and image itemsSemantics of sample locations within a decoded pictureRelation of decoded pictures to global coordinate axesMapping of luma sample locations within a decoded picture to sphere coordinates relative to the global coordinate axesConversion from a sample location in a projected picture to sphere coordinates relative to the global coordinate axesProjection format structureSyntaxSemanticsRegion-wise packing structureDefinitionSyntax of the rectangular region packing structureSemantics of the rectangular region packing structureSyntax of the guard band structureSemantics of the guard band structureSyntax the region-wise packing structureSemantics of the region-wise packing structureDerivation of region-wise packing variables and constraints for the syntax elements of the region-wise packing structureRotation structureDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsContent coverage structureDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsSphere region structureDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsRestricted video schemes for omnidirectional videoScheme typesOpen-ended and closed scheme typesProjected omnidirectional video ('podv')Equirectangular projected video ('erpv')Packed equirectangular or cubemap projected video ('ercm')Fisheye omnidirectional video ('fodv')Equirectangular or cubemap projected video with overlays ('ecov')Packed equirectangular or cubemap projected video with derived region-wise packing ('erc2')Open-ended scheme type for mesh omnidirectional video ('modv')Closed scheme type for mesh omnidirectional video ('meov')Projected omnidirectional video boxDefinitionSyntaxFisheye omnidirectional video boxDefinitionSyntaxRegion-wise packing boxDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsRotation boxDefinitionSyntaxCoverage information boxDefinitionSyntaxMesh omnidirectional video boxDefinitionSyntaxMesh boxDefinitionSyntaxSemantics3D parallelogram structure3D vector structureTimed metadata for sphere regionsGeneralSample entryDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsSample formatDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsInitial viewing orientationDefinitionSample syntaxSample semanticsRecommended viewportDefinitionSample entry syntaxSample entry semanticsSample syntaxSample semanticsTimed text sphere location metadataGeneralSample entry formatSample formatSignalling of region-wise quality rankingGeneralSpherical region-wise quality rankingDefinitionSyntaxSemantics2D region-wise quality rankingDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsStorage of omnidirectional imagesGeneralFrame packing item propertyDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsProjection format item propertyDefinitionSyntaxEssential fisheye image item propertyGeneralDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsSupplemental fisheye image item propertyDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsRegion-wise packing item propertyDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsRotation item propertyGeneralDefinitionSyntaxCoverage information item propertyGeneralDefinitionSyntaxInitial viewing orientation item propertyDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsStorage of timed text for omnidirectional videoGeneralOMAF timed text configuration boxDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsIMSC1 tracksWebVTT tracksERP region timed metadataGeneralSample entry formatSemanticsSample formatDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsGenerating ERP region metadataStorage and signalling of viewpoints for omnidirectional video and imagesViewpoint information structuresDefinitionViewpoint position structureViewpoint GPS position structureViewpoint geomagnetic information structureViewpoint global coordinate system rotation structureViewpoint group structureViewpoint switching list structure Definition Syntax Semantics Viewpoint timeline switch structure Viewpoint switch region structureViewpoint looping structureViewpoint entity groupingDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsTimed metadata for viewpointsDynamic viewpoint informationGeneralSample entrySample formatInitial viewpointGeneralSample entrySample formatObject centre points correspondence between viewpointsGeneralSample entrySample formatInformation derivation and OMAF player behaviourStorage of omnidirectional video in sub-picture tracksGeneralProjected omnidirectional videoIndication of composition pictures being packed pictures or projected picturesFisheye omnidirectional videoStorage and signalling of overlays for omnidirectional video and imagesGeneralOverlay structureDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsOverlay control structuresDefinitionViewport-relative overlaySphere-relative projected omnidirectional overlaySphere-relative two-dimensional overlay3D mesh overlaySource region for the overlayOverlay layering orderOverlay opacityControls for user interactionOverlay labelOverlay priorityAssociated sphere regionOverlay alpha compositionExternally specified overlay informationOverlay configuration boxOverlay item propertyOverlay timed metadata trackDefinitionSample entrySampleEntity groupsGrouping of overlays that are alternatives for switchingDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsGrouping of overlays and background visual media that are intended to be presented togetherDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsOverlay alpha auxiliary imageGeneralAlpha auxiliary image constraintsAlpha auxiliary video track constraintsAlpha auxiliary image/image sequence encodingSignalling of viewing space informationGeneralViewing space structureDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsViewing space boxDefinitionSyntaxViewing space item propertyDefinitionSyntaxTime varying immersive viewing space signallingDefinitionSyntax and SemanticsMapping of rectangular regions to the 3D meshGeneralTile mesh sample groupingDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsRectangular region structureDefinitionSyntaxSemanticsProjection of a sample location onto the 3D meshOmnidirectional media encapsulation and signalling in DASHArchitecture of DASH delivery in OMAFUsage of DASH in OMAFGeneralSignalling of stereoscopic frame packingCarriage of timed metadataGeneralCarriage of ERP region timed metadata in DASHConstraintsOMAF player behaviour to process ERP region metadataAssociating Adaptation Sets or Representations with each otherIndividual associationCollective associationOverlay DASH associationDASH MPD descriptors for omnidirectional media in the namespace "urn:mpeg:mpegI:omaf:2017"XML namespace and schemaSignalling of projection type informationSignalling of region-wise packing typeSignalling of content coverageSignalling of spherical region-wise quality rankingSignalling of 2D region-wise quality rankingSignalling of fisheye omnidirectional videoCarriage of imagesGeneralFormat and constraints for SegmentsDASH MPD descriptors for omnidirectional media in the namespace "urn:mpeg:mpegI:omaf:2020"XML namespace and schemaSignalling of associationSignalling of viewpointsSignalling of sub-picture composition identifier and its attributesSignalling of overlaysEntity to group descriptorContent component attribute for RepresentationSegment formatsInitialization Segment for OMAF base trackGeneralStream headerTrack box format for OMAF base trackTrack box format for OMAF tile trackTile Index SegmentTile Data SegmentOmnidirectional media encapsulation and signalling in MMTArchitecture of MMT delivery in OMAFOMAF signalling in MPEG composition informationVR application-specific MMT signallingGeneralMMT signallingVRInformation asset descriptorGeneralSyntaxSemanticsVRViewDependentSupportQuerySyntaxSemanticsVRViewDependentSupportResponseSyntaxSemanticsVRViewportChangeFeedbackGeneralSyntaxSemanticsVRViewDependentAssetInformationGeneralSyntaxSemanticsVRROIGuideGeneralSyntaxSemanticsStereo video asset descriptorSyntaxSemanticsVR3DAudioAssetInformationGeneralSyntaxSemanticsVR fisheye information asset descriptorGeneralSyntaxSemanticsMedia profilesVideo profilesOverviewHEVC-based viewport-independent OMAF video profileGeneralElementary stream constraintsSEI message related ISO Base Media File Format constraintsISO Base Media File Format constraintsFile decoding processExpected OMAF player operationHEVC-based viewport-dependent OMAF video profileGeneralElementary stream constraintsISO Base Media File Format constraintsFile decoding processExpected OMAF player operationAVC-based viewport-dependent OMAF video profileGeneralElementary stream constraintsISO Base Media File Format constraintsFile decoding processExpected OMAF player operationUnconstrained HEVC-based viewport-independent OMAF video profileGeneralElementary stream constraintsISO Base Media File Format constraintsFile decoding processExpected OMAF player operationAdvanced tiling OMAF video profileGeneralElementary stream constraintsBitstream constraints at the decoderEncoding constraintsISO base media file format constraintsStream headerTrack box format for OMAF base track and OMAF tile tracksBitstream rewritingGeneralRewriting parameter setsRewriting slice segment header and possibly NAL unit header for each VCL NAL unitExpected OMAF player operationSimple tiling OMAF video profilesGeneralElementary stream constraintsHEVC elementary stream constraintsVVC elementary stream constraintsISO Base Media File Format constraintsStream headerTrack box format for OMAF base track and OMAF tile tracksOther constraintsFile decoding processExpected OMAF player operationVVC-based viewport-independent OMAF video profileGeneralElementary stream constraintsSEI message related ISO Base Media File Format constraintsISO Base Media File Format constraintsFile decoding processExpected OMAF player operationAudio profilesOverviewOMAF 3D audio baseline profileGeneralElementary stream constraintsISO Base Media File Format constraintsGeneral constraintsConfiguration change constraintsMulti-stream constraintsLoudness and dynamic range controlOMAF 2D audio legacy profileGeneralElementary stream constraintsGeneral encoding constraintsSyntax and values of syntactic elementsAAC presentation timingLoudness and dynamic range controlMaximum bitrateISO Base Media File Format constraintsStorage of AAC media samplesAAC audio sample entryES_DescriptorDecoderConfigDescriptorAudioSpecificConfigGASpecificConfigImage profilesOverviewCommon specifications for image profilesGeneralISO Base Media File Format constraints for an image item conforming to an OMAF image profileISO Base Media File Format constraints for a file conforming to an OMAF image profileOMAF HEVC image profileGeneralElementary stream constraintsISO Base Media File Format constraintsFile decoding processRecommendations and requirements for OMAF playerOMAF legacy image profileGeneralElementary stream constraintsISO Base Media File Format constraintsFile decoding processRecommendations and requirements for OMAF playerOMAF VVC image profileGeneralElementary stream constraintsISO Base Media File Format constraintsFile decoding processRecommendations and requirements for OMAF playerTimed text profilesOverviewOMAF IMSC1 timed text profileElementary stream constraintsISO Base Media File Format constraintsOMAF WebVTT timed text profileElementary stream constraintsISO Base Media File Format constraintsPresentation profilesOMAF viewport-independent baseline presentation profileGeneralISO Base Media File Format constraintsOMAF viewport-dependent baseline presentation profileGeneralISO Base Media File Format constraintsOMAF toolset brandsOverlay toolset brandOverviewISO Base Media File Format constraintsOMAF player operationViewpoint toolset brandOverviewISO Base Media File Format constraintsOMAF player operationNon-linear storyline toolset brandOverviewISO Base Media File Format constraintsOMAF player operationOMAF DASH schema (normative)DASH integration of media profiles (normative)Video profilesHEVC-based viewport-independent OMAF video profileViewport-dependent delivery of AVC, HEVC, and VVC without Index SegmentsGeneralSpecifications for 'hvc2', 'avc2', and 'avc4' sample entry types and for 'vvc1' merge base tracksUnconstrained HEVC-based viewport-independent OMAF video profileOMAF tiling video profilesGeneralSpecifications for the advanced tiling OMAF video profileSpecifications for the simple tiling OMAF video profilesTile Index SegmentExpected player operationAudio profilesOMAF 3D audio baseline profileGeneralElement and attribute settingsOMAF 2D audio legacy profileTimed text profilesOMAF IMSC1 timed text profileOMAF WebVTT timed text profileCMAF integration of media profiles (normative)Video profilesHEVC-based viewport-independent OMAF video profileHEVC-based viewport-dependent OMAF video profileUnconstrained HEVC-based viewport-independent OMAF video profileVVC-based viewport-independent OMAF video profileAudio profilesOMAF 3D audio baseline profileViewport-dependent omnidirectional video processing (informative)GeneralRegion-wise quality ranked encoding of omnidirectional contentSub-picture bitstreamsEqual-resolution OMAF tile bitstreams merged to one bitstreamGeneralMCTS-based approach for HEVCSlice-based approach for AVCApproach based on independent VVC subpicturesOMAF tile bitstreams merged resolution-wiseGeneralHEVC MCTS sub-picture bitstreams merged resolution-wiseIndependent VVC subpictures merged resolution-wiseOMAF tile bitstreams with several resolutions merged to one bitstreamGeneralMCTS-based approach for achieving 5K effective ERP resolution with HEVC-based viewport-dependent OMAF video profileMCTS-based approach for achieving 6K effective ERP resolution with HEVC-based viewport-dependent OMAF video profileMCTS-based approach for achieving 6K effective cubemap resolution with HEVC-based viewport-dependent OMAF video profileSlice-based approach for achieving 5K effective ERP resolution with AVC-based viewport-dependent OMAF video profileMCTS-based approach for the use of ERP with the HEVC-based simple tiling OMAF video profileMCTS-based approach for the use of cubemap with the HEVC-based simple tiling OMAF video profileMCTS-based approach for the use of cubemap with the advanced tiling OMAF video profileSubpicture-based approach for the use of ERP with the VVC-based simple tiling OMAF video profileApproach based on the use of independent VVC subpictures and cubemap with the VVC-based simple tiling OMAF video profileOmnidirectional single-layer content and OMAF tile bitstreamsSpatial merging of omnidirectional picture(s) and content for viewportsSingle stream delivery of spatially packed viewport-dependent contentGeneralOmnidirectional picture(s) and content for viewportsRepresentations with different stream access point intervalsOverviewUsing stream access points for viewport switchingUsing switching points for viewport switchingUsing VVC subpictures for viewport switchingViewport-dependent omnidirectional video streaming based on massively overlapping and greater-than-FOV sub-pictures and picture-by-picture shifting RAPsComparison of different omnidirectional video coding schemesDASH MPD examples (informative)GeneralSingle bitstream deliverySub-picture bitstreams deliveryTimed metadata deliveryRegion-based playback of omnidirectional mediaMMT signalling examples (informative)GeneralSingle packed stream deliveryExpected behaviour of OMAF player (normative)GeneralRendering procedure for timed textProcessing of overlay control structureSphere-relative overlay rendering procedureViewport-relative overlay rendering procedureOverlay source region access procedureProcedure for handling user interactions with overlaysExpected player behaviour for handling viewpointsExpected player behaviour based on signalling in DASH MPDExpected player behaviour based on signalling in ISOBMFFGeneralViewpoint positioningViewpoint switchingViewpoint loopingBibliography