ForewordHauptteilScopeNormative referencesTerms and definitionsGeneral considerations for sampling and sample preparationBasic requirementsEstablishing a sampling schemeSystem verificationFundamentals of sampling and sample preparationMinimization of biasGeneralMinimization of particle size degradationExtraction of incrementsIncrement massGeneralIncrement mass for falling stream samplingIncrement mass for stopped-belt samplingIncrement mass for manual sampling using spear or augerOverall precisionQuality variationSampling precision and number of primary incrementsMass-basis samplingTime-basis samplingPrecision of sample preparation and overall precisionGeneralPreparation and measurement of gross samplePreparation and measurement of partial samplesPreparation and measurement of each incrementMethods of samplingMass-basis samplingMass of incrementQuality variationNumber of primary incrementsSampling intervalMethods of taking incrementsTime-basis samplingMass of incrementQuality variationNumber of incrementsSampling intervalMethods of taking incrementsStratified random sampling within fixed mass or time intervalsGeneralFixed mass intervalsFixed time intervalsSampling from moving streamsGeneralSafety of operationsRobustness of sampling installationVersatility of sampling systemPrimary samplersLocationTypes of primary samplerGeneral design criteria for primary cuttersCutter aperture of primary samplerCutter speed of primary samplerSecondary and subsequent samplersOnline sample preparationArrangement for sample preparationCrushersDividersDryersChecking precision and biasCleaning and maintenanceExample of a flowsheetSampling from stationary situationsGeneralSampling from trucks and wagonsGeneral Sampling devicesNumber of primary incrementsMethod of samplingSampling from ships, stockpiles and bunkersStopped-belt reference samplingSample preparationFundamentalsGeneralDryingCrushing and grindingMixingDivisionGeneralMethod of divisionTypes of divisionTypes of dividerMass of divided sampleDivision of chemical analysis and moisture samplesDivision of gross sampleDivision of individual increments or partial samplesDivision of size samplesGeneralDivision of gross sampleDivision of increment or partial sampleDivision of samples for physical testingSplit use and multiple use of sampleMethod of constituting partial samples or a gross sampleGeneralMethod of constitution for mass-basis samplingConstitution of partial samples or a gross sample from incrementsConstitution of a gross sample from partial samplesMethod of constitution for time-basis samplingConstitution of partial samples or a gross sample from incrementsConstitution of a gross sample from partial samplesSpecial procedure for moisture contentMechanical methods of divisionMechanical increment divisionGeneralMass of increment (cut)Number of increments (cuts)Interval between cutsAvoiding biasMass of divided sampleOther mechanical division methodsGeneralMass of divided sampleManual methods of divisionGeneralManual increment-division methodGeneralMass of incrementNumber of incrementsMass of divided sampleProcedureManual strip-division methodGeneralMass of incrementNumber of incrementsMass of divided sampleProcedureManual riffle-division methodGeneralSelection of riffle dividerMass of divided sampleProcedurePreparation of test samples for chemical analysisMass and particle sizePreparation to 250 µm nominal top sizeFinal preparationCase 1Case 2Case 3Grinding to 100 µm or 160 µm nominal top sizeGeneralType of grinderSelection of material of construction for grinderDry grindingWet grindingDistribution of samples for chemical analysisPreparation of test samples for moisture determinationPreparation of test samples for size determinationPreparation of test samples for physical testingSelection of sample preparation procedureGeneralSplit use of sampleCombination of split use and multiple use of sampleExtraction of test samplesGeneralTest sample for tumble testGeneral PelletsSinter and lump oresTest sample for bulk density testTest samples for physical tests other than tumble test and bulk density testGeneralBlast-furnace pelletsDirect-reduction pelletsSinter and blast-furnace lump oresDirect-reduction lump oresReserve samplesPacking and marking of samplesInspection of mechanical sampling systems (informative)Purpose of inspectionsMechanical and operational inspectionsControl chartsGeneralSampling ratioExtraction ratioFormulae for number of increments (normative)SymbolsDerivationAlternative methods of taking the reference sample (informative)Principles of alternative methodLayout of ore flow diversionSchemes for diversionScheme 1Scheme 2Scheme 3Scheme 4Procedure for determining the minimum mass of divided gross sample for size determination using other mechanical division methods (normative)GeneralProcedureExamples of calculation of the minimum mass of divided gross sample for size determinationExample 1Example 2Example 3Riffle dividers (normative)Bibliography