ForewordIntroductionScopeNormative referencesDefinitionsDetermination of limitsRepeatability and reproducibility limitsComparisons based on more than two valuesTwo groups of measurements in one laboratoryTwo groups of measurements in two laboratoriesComparison with a reference value for one laboratoryComparison with a reference value for more than oneQuoting the results of a comparisonMethods for checking the acceptability of test results and determining the final quoted resultGeneralMethods for checking the acceptability of test results obtained under repeatability conditionsSingle test resultTwo test resultsCase where obtaining test results is inexpensiveCase where obtaining test results is expensiveMore than two test results to start withExample of case B: An expensive chemical analysisNote regarding precision experimentReporting the final quoted resultMethods for checking the acceptability of test results obtained under both repeatability and reproducibility conditionsGeneralStatistical testing for agreement between test results from two laboratoriesCase where only one test result is obtained in each laboratoryCase where two laboratories obtain more than one single test resultResolving discrepancies between results from two laboratoriesArbitrationMethod for checking the stability of test results within a laboratoryBackgroundMethods for checking stabilityGeneralExample 1: Stability check of the repeatability standard deviation of a routine analysisBackgroundOriginal dataStability check by the Shewhart control chart methodExample 2: Stability check of the time-and-operator-different intermediate precision standard deviation of a routine analysis BackgroundOriginal dataStability check by Shewhart control chart methodExample 3: Stability check of the trueness of a routine analysisBackgroundOriginal dataStability check by Shewhart control chart methodStability check by cumulative sum control chart methodExample 4: Another stability check of the trueness of a routine analysisBackgroundOriginal dataStability check by Shewhart control chart methodStability check by cumulative sum control chart methodUse of repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations in assessing laboratoriesAssessment methodGeneralImplications of the definition of a collaborative assessment experimentEvaluation of the use of a measurement method by a laboratory not previously assessedEvaluation of laboratory practiceGeneral considerations concerning control experimentsMeasurement method for which reference materials existGeneralExample: Determination of the cement content of concreteBackgroundOriginal dataComputation of cell means and rangesAssessment of within-laboratory precisionAssessment of biasMeasurement method for which no reference materials existContinued assessment of previously approved laboratoriesGeneral considerations on continued control experimentsEvaluation of laboratory practiceMeasurement method for which reference materials existMeasurement method for which no reference materials existGeneralComparison of alternative measurement methodsOrigin of alternative measurement methodsPurpose of comparing measurement methodsMethod B is a candidate for an alternative standard method ("Standardization experiment" not defined)Accuracy experimentGeneral requirementsTest samplesNumber of test samplesNumber of laboratories and number of measurementsGeneralExample: Determination of iron in iron oresBackgroundRequirementsConclusionsTest sample distributionParticipating laboratoryCollection of test resultsEvaluation of test resultsComparison between results of method A and method BGraphical presentationComparison of precisionMethod A is an established standard methodBoth methods are new candidate standard methodsComparison of truenessComparison of the mean with the certified value of an RMComparison between the means of method A and method BMethod B is a candidate for a routine methodParametersLong-term bias testSymbols and abbreviations used in (normative)