ASTM C 146:2026

1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of glass sands. They are useful for either high-silica sands (99 %+ silica (SiO 2 )) or for high-alumina sands containing as much as 12 % to 13 % alumina (Al 2 O 3 ). Generally nonclassical, these test methods are rapid and accurate. They include the determination of silica and of total R 2 O 3 (see 11.2.4 ), and the separate determination of total iron as iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), titania (TiO 2 ), chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), and ignition loss. Included are procedures for the alkaline earths and alkalies. High-alumina sands may contain as much as 5 % to 6 % total alkalies and alkaline earths. It is recommended that the alkalies be determined by flame photometry and the alkaline earths by absorption spectrophotometry. 1.2 These test methods, if followed in detail, will provide interlaboratory agreement of results. Note 1: For additional information, see Test Methods C169 and Practices E50 . 1.3 These test methods appear in the following order: Procedures for Referee Analysis: Section Silica (SiO 2 )-Double Dehydration 10 Total R 2 O 3 -Gravimetric 11 Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , by Photometric Methods and Al 2 O 3 by Complexiometric Titration 12 - 17 Preparation of the Sample for Determination of Iron Oxide, Titania, Alumina, and Zirconia 12 Iron Oxide (as Fe 2 O 3 ) by 1,10-Phenanthroline Method 13 Titania (TiO 2 ) by the Tiron Method 14 Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) by the CDTA Titration Method 15 Zirconia (ZrO 2 ) by the Pyrocatechol Violet Method 16 Chromium Oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) by the 1,5-Diphenylcarbo- hydrazide Method 17 Procedures for Routine Analysis: Silica (SiO 2 )-Single Dehydration 19 Al 2 O 3 , CaO, and MgO-Atomic Absorption Spec- trophotometry 20 - 25 Na 2 O and K 2 O-Flame Emission Spectrophotometry 26 - 27 Trace Chemical Species Analysis via ICP-OES and ICP-MS 28 Loss on Ignition (LOI) 29 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

81.040.10